Gladius

The Roman gladius was a short sword used by the Roman military during the Republican and Imperial periods. It had a straight, double-edged blade, typically 18-24 inches long, made of iron or steel. The gladius was designed for both thrusting and slashing attacks, making it a versatile and effective weapon in close combat. Introduced in the 3rd century BC, it was the standard infantry weapon, carried by both legionaries and auxiliary troops.

Over time, the design of the gladius evolved to suit changing battlefield conditions and tactics. The earliest gladius designs had relatively short and wide blades, while later designs had longer and narrower blades better suited for thrusting attacks. The gladius remained in use until the late 3rd century AD, when it was gradually replaced by the longer and heavier spatha sword. However, the gladius continued to be used by some units well into the late Roman period.

The gladius was not only an effective weapon but also a symbol of Roman military power and authority, often decorated with intricate designs and inscriptions. It became a cultural icon of the Roman Empire and continues to be an important part of its legacy.